Which approach employs techniques like dilution or refrigeration?

The correct choice encompasses approaches that do not prioritize minimizing hazards or substituting hazardous materials but rather use methods such as dilution or refrigeration to manage risks. Dilution involves mixing a hazardous substance with a larger volume of a non-hazardous substance to lower its concentration, effectively reducing the potential for harmful exposure. Refrigeration can be used to cool materials to reduce their reactivity or volatility, thereby mitigating potential hazards.

This approach recognizes the importance of controlling the conditions in which a hazardous substance is present, rather than altering the substance itself or minimizing its use. Inherently safer design principles suggest finding safer alternatives or eliminating hazards altogether, but when such options are not feasible, techniques like dilution and refrigeration serve as interim measures to reduce risks associated with hazardous materials.