What is one strategy to reduce hazards according to the ISD guidewords?

One effective strategy to reduce hazards according to the Inherently Safer Design (ISD) principles is to reduce temperatures or pressures. By lowering the operating temperature and pressure in a process, the potential energy available for reactions decreases, which in turn minimizes the likelihood of unintended reactions, such as explosions or thermal runaways.

In processes involving exothermic reactions, high temperatures can accelerate reaction rates, leading to heightened risks. Similarly, increasing pressures can contribute to the severity of incidents if a containment failure occurs. By systematically applying the approach of reducing these parameters, facilities can achieve safer operations as the potential for catastrophic events is significantly diminished. This strategy aligns with the core aim of inherently safer design, which seeks to eliminate hazards rather than control them.