Can inherently safer design concepts be utilized at later stages of the process life cycle?

Inherently safer design concepts can indeed be utilized at later stages of the process life cycle, which is why the answer is correct. These concepts are not limited to the initial design phase but can be applied throughout the entire life cycle of a facility, including construction, operation, maintenance, and even decommissioning.

The core principle of inherently safer design is to eliminate or significantly reduce hazards by design choices that minimize risk. This can involve redesigning processes, substituting hazardous materials, or implementing safety features that enhance the safety of existing operations. Thus, even when a facility is in operation, there are opportunities to incorporate inherently safer practices. For instance, a manufacturing process may be optimized to use less toxic materials or to operate at lower pressures, thereby enhancing safety without the need for extensive redesign.

Using these principles throughout the life cycle reinforces the idea that safety is a continuous consideration and that ongoing improvements can lead to substantial risk reduction. This versatility underscores the value of inherently safer designs as a proactive approach to minimizing hazards at all stages, rather than being confined strictly to initial design considerations.